Sensitizing and T790M mutant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition

CompoundOsimertinib

Area under investigation

EGFRm NSCLC

Scientific PillarTumor Drivers & Resistance Mechanisms

 

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TROPION-Lung15 trial overview

Tumor

Advanced/metastatic EGFRm NSCLC with disease progression on prior osimertinib therapy

Trial Identifier

NCT06417814

Phase

III

Stage

Advanced/metastatic NSCLC

Regimen

Dato-DXd + osimertinib; Dato-DXd; pemetrexed + carboplatin or cisplatin followed by pemetrexed

Study Design

Inclusion criteria

The key inclusion criteria are1,2-

  • Age ≥18 years (if the legal age of consent is >18 years, then follow local regulatory requirements)
  • Histologically documented nonsquamous NSCLC:
    • Must have evidence of documented pre-existing EGFRm information (EGFRm known to be associated with (TKis sensitivity [Ex19del, L858R, G719X, S768I, or L861Q], either alone or in combination with other EGFR mutations, which may include T790M).
  • Documented extra-cranial radiologic progression on prior osimertinib monotherapy (as most recent line of treatment) in the adjuvant, locally advanced, or metastatic settinga.
  • Less than or equal to (≤ 2) prior lines of EGFR TKIs (osimertinib is the only permitted prior third generation EGFR TKI).
  • At least one lesion, not previously irradiated, that qualifies as a RECIST v1.1 at baseline and can be accurately measured at baseline.
  • WHO/ECOG PS 0 or 1.
  • Adequate bone marrow reserve and organ function within 7 days before randomization.
  • No more than 28 days off osimertinib prior to randomization
  • Tumor biopsy or archival tissue for retrospective evaluation of exploratory biomarkers

aPer the IASLC Cancer Staging Manual in Thoracic Oncology version 9

References:

  1. Study NCT06417814. ClinicalTrials.gov website.
  2. Tan DS, et al. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2025;17:17588359251385410.

Exclusion criteria

The key exclusion criteria are1,2-

  • Use of chemotherapy, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, immunotherapy or any anti-cancer therapy in the metastatic setting. Platinum-based chemotherapy in non-metastatic setting within 12 months prior to randomization.
  • History of another primary malignancy except for malignancy treated with curative intent with no known active disease within 2 years before the first dose of study intervention.
  • Any evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases, including, but not limited to active bleeding diseases, active infection, active ILD/pneumonitis, cardiac disease.
  • Has significant third-space fluid retention (eg, ascites or pleural effusion) as judged by the investigator and is not amenable for required repeated drainage.
  • History of non-infectious ILD/pneumonitis including radiation pneumonitis that required steroids or drug-induced ILD, has current ILD/pneumonitis, or has suspected ILD/pneumonitis that cannot be ruled out by imaging at screening.
  • Has severe pulmonary function compromise resulting from intercurrent pulmonary illnesses.
  • Unstable spinal cord compression and/or unstable brain metastases.
  • Participants with symptomatic brain metastases (including leptomeningeal involvement).
  • Clinically significant corneal disease.
  • Uncontrolled infection requiring IV antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals, suspected infections or inability to rule out infections.
  • Has known HIV infection that is not well controlled.

Target Overview

Targeted inhibition of tumors harboring activating mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has helped to advance the treatment approach for advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

While the majority of these activating mutations also sensitize EGFR (EGFRm) to effective targeting by early-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the emergence of a secondary resistance mutation (EGFR T790M) results in treatment-refractory NSCLC disease progression. Approximately 51%-68% of tumors that progress on a first- and second-generation EGFR TKI are EGFR T790M mutation positive.1-7

Compound Overview

Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible, CNS-active EGFR-TKI designed to selectively target both EGFR-sensitizing (ie, T790M, L858R and exon 19 deletion) and EGFR T790M-resistance mutations.1,8

Osimertinib is being clinically evaluated in EGFRm-containing NSCLC.

Mechanism of Action

  • Mechanism of Action

References

 

Loading......

TROPION-Lung15 trial overview

Tumor

Advanced/metastatic EGFRm NSCLC with disease progression on prior osimertinib therapy

Trial Identifier

NCT06417814

Phase

III

Stage

Advanced/metastatic NSCLC

Regimen

Dato-DXd + osimertinib; Dato-DXd; pemetrexed + carboplatin or cisplatin followed by pemetrexed

Study Design

Inclusion criteria

The key inclusion criteria are1,2-

  • Age ≥18 years (if the legal age of consent is >18 years, then follow local regulatory requirements)
  • Histologically documented nonsquamous NSCLC:
    • Must have evidence of documented pre-existing EGFRm information (EGFRm known to be associated with (TKis sensitivity [Ex19del, L858R, G719X, S768I, or L861Q], either alone or in combination with other EGFR mutations, which may include T790M).
  • Documented extra-cranial radiologic progression on prior osimertinib monotherapy (as most recent line of treatment) in the adjuvant, locally advanced, or metastatic settinga.
  • Less than or equal to (≤ 2) prior lines of EGFR TKIs (osimertinib is the only permitted prior third generation EGFR TKI).
  • At least one lesion, not previously irradiated, that qualifies as a RECIST v1.1 at baseline and can be accurately measured at baseline.
  • WHO/ECOG PS 0 or 1.
  • Adequate bone marrow reserve and organ function within 7 days before randomization.
  • No more than 28 days off osimertinib prior to randomization
  • Tumor biopsy or archival tissue for retrospective evaluation of exploratory biomarkers

aPer the IASLC Cancer Staging Manual in Thoracic Oncology version 9

References:

  1. Study NCT06417814. ClinicalTrials.gov website.
  2. Tan DS, et al. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2025;17:17588359251385410.

Exclusion criteria

The key exclusion criteria are1,2-

  • Use of chemotherapy, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, immunotherapy or any anti-cancer therapy in the metastatic setting. Platinum-based chemotherapy in non-metastatic setting within 12 months prior to randomization.
  • History of another primary malignancy except for malignancy treated with curative intent with no known active disease within 2 years before the first dose of study intervention.
  • Any evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases, including, but not limited to active bleeding diseases, active infection, active ILD/pneumonitis, cardiac disease.
  • Has significant third-space fluid retention (eg, ascites or pleural effusion) as judged by the investigator and is not amenable for required repeated drainage.
  • History of non-infectious ILD/pneumonitis including radiation pneumonitis that required steroids or drug-induced ILD, has current ILD/pneumonitis, or has suspected ILD/pneumonitis that cannot be ruled out by imaging at screening.
  • Has severe pulmonary function compromise resulting from intercurrent pulmonary illnesses.
  • Unstable spinal cord compression and/or unstable brain metastases.
  • Participants with symptomatic brain metastases (including leptomeningeal involvement).
  • Clinically significant corneal disease.
  • Uncontrolled infection requiring IV antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals, suspected infections or inability to rule out infections.
  • Has known HIV infection that is not well controlled.

Abbreviations

  • 1L

    first line

  • 2L

    second line

  • ADC

    antibody drug conjugate

  • AE

    adverse event

  • AUC

    area under the curve

  • BICR

    blinded independent central review

  • CNS

    central nervous system

  • CPR

    complete pathological response

  • CRC

    colorectal cancer

  • CRT

    chemoradiotherapy

  • CT

    chemotherapy

  • CTCAE

    Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events

  • ctDNA

    circulating tumor DNA

  • DCR

    disease control rate

  • DFS

    disease-free survival

  • DoR

    duration of response

  • ECG

    electrocardiogram

  • ECOG PS

    Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score

  • EFS

    event-free survival

  • EGFR

    epidermal growth factor receptor

  • EGFRm

    epidermal growth factor receptor mutation

  • EGFRwt

    epidermal growth factor receptor wild type

  • EORTC QLQ-C30

    European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire

  • Ex19del

    exon 19 deletion

  • FISH

    fluorescence in situ hybridization

  • FISH10+

    fluorescence in situ hybridization (MET copy ≥10)

  • Gy

    gray

  • HBV

    hepatitis B virus

  • HCV

    hepatitis C virus

  • HIV

    human immunodeficiency virus

  • HNSCC

    head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

  • HRQoL

    health-related quality of life

  • IASLC

    International Association For The Study Of Lung Cancer

  • ICR

    independent central review

  • IHC3+/≥90%

    3+ immunohistochemistry overexpression in 90% of tumor cells

  • ILD

    interstitial lung disease

  • IV

    intravenous

  • L858R

    exon 21 L858R point mutation

  • MET

    hepatocyte growth factor receptor

  • NEC

    large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

  • NSCLC

    non-small cell lung cancer

  • OD

    once daily

  • ORR

    overall or objective response rate

  • OS

    overall survival

  • PD

    progressive disease

  • PFS

    progression-free survival

  • PFS2

    time to second progression or death

  • PFS24

    PFS at 24 months from randomization

  • PK

    pharmacokinetics

  • PO

    per oral

  • PS

    phosphatidylserine

  • PtCh

    platinum-based chemotherapy

  • Q*W

    every * weeks

  • Q3W

    every 3 weeks

  • QD

    once daily

  • R

    randomization

  • RECIST

    Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors

  • RECIST v1.1

    Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1

  • RT

    radiotherapy

  • SBRT

    stereotactic body radiation therapy

  • SCLC

    small cell lung cancer

  • SoC

    standard of care

  • TDT

    time to discontinuation or death

  • TFST

    time to first subsequent therapy

  • TKI

    tyrosine kinase inhibitor

  • TNM

    tumor node metastasis staging

  • TNM8

    Tumor Node Metastasis 8th edition

  • tSCLC

    transformed small cell lung cancer

  • TSST

    time to start of second subsequent therapy

  • TTD

    time to treatment discontinuation

  • TTDM

    time to death or distant metastases

  • TTP

    time to progression

  • WHO

    World Health Organization

  • WHO PS

    World Health Organization performance status

  • WT

    wild type