BTK inhibition

CompoundAcalabrutinib

Area under investigation

CLL, DLBCL/LBCL, MCL

Scientific PillarTumor Drivers & Resistance Mechanisms

 

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ESCALADE trial overview

Tumor

Previously untreated non-GCB subtype DLBCL

Trial Identifier

NCT04529772

Phase

III

Regimen

R-CHOP ± acalabrutinib

Study Design

Inclusion criteria

The key inclusion criteria are –

  • Men and women, aged ≥18 and ≤75 years
  • Pathologically confirmed DLBCL, sufficient diagnostic material should be available to forward to a central laboratory for gene expression profiling and pathology review
  • No prior treatment for DLBCL
  • ECOG PS of ≤2
  • International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of 1 to 5
  • Disease Stage II to IV by the Ann Arbor Classification
  • Adequate organ and marrow function
  • Agreement to use highly effective forms of contraception during the study and 12 months after the last dose of rituximab

 

Reference:

Study NCT04529772. ClinicalTrials.gov website.

Exclusion criteria

The key exclusion criteria are –

  • Evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases
  • Known history of a bleeding diathesis (ie, hemophilia, von Willebrand disease)
  • History of stroke or intracranial hemorrhage in preceding 6 months 
  • Known CNS lymphoma or leptomeningeal disease, primary mediastinal lymphoma, high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, indolent lymphoma or CLL and ongoing confirmed PML
  • Significant cardiovascular disease such as uncontrolled or symptomatic arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, or myocardial infarction within 6 months of first dose of study drug, or any Class 3 or 4 cardiac disease
  • Malabsorption syndrome, disease significantly affecting gastrointestinal function, resection of the stomach, extensive small bowel resection that is likely to affect absorption, symptomatic inflammatory bowel disease, partial or complete bowel obstruction, or gastric restrictions and bariatric surgery, such as gastric bypass.
  • Uncontrolled active systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection
  • Prior anthracycline use ≥150 mg/m2

Target Overview

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a critical role in the B-cell antigen-receptor signaling pathway, which is responsible for normal B-cell development, function, and survival.1,2

BTK has been implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies and has emerged as an important therapeutic target.1,2

Compound Overview

Acalabrutinib is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of BTK.3 Acalabrutinib is currently being evaluated in multiple Phase I, II, and III clinical trials.

Mechanism of Action

  • Mechanism of Action

Figures adapted from Woyach JA, et al. Blood. 2012;120(6):1175-1184 and Ten Hacken E, et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(3):548-556.

References

 

Loading......

ESCALADE trial overview

Tumor

Previously untreated non-GCB subtype DLBCL

Trial Identifier

NCT04529772

Phase

III

Regimen

R-CHOP ± acalabrutinib

Study Design

Inclusion criteria

The key inclusion criteria are –

  • Men and women, aged ≥18 and ≤75 years
  • Pathologically confirmed DLBCL, sufficient diagnostic material should be available to forward to a central laboratory for gene expression profiling and pathology review
  • No prior treatment for DLBCL
  • ECOG PS of ≤2
  • International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of 1 to 5
  • Disease Stage II to IV by the Ann Arbor Classification
  • Adequate organ and marrow function
  • Agreement to use highly effective forms of contraception during the study and 12 months after the last dose of rituximab

 

Reference:

Study NCT04529772. ClinicalTrials.gov website.

Exclusion criteria

The key exclusion criteria are –

  • Evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases
  • Known history of a bleeding diathesis (ie, hemophilia, von Willebrand disease)
  • History of stroke or intracranial hemorrhage in preceding 6 months 
  • Known CNS lymphoma or leptomeningeal disease, primary mediastinal lymphoma, high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, indolent lymphoma or CLL and ongoing confirmed PML
  • Significant cardiovascular disease such as uncontrolled or symptomatic arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, or myocardial infarction within 6 months of first dose of study drug, or any Class 3 or 4 cardiac disease
  • Malabsorption syndrome, disease significantly affecting gastrointestinal function, resection of the stomach, extensive small bowel resection that is likely to affect absorption, symptomatic inflammatory bowel disease, partial or complete bowel obstruction, or gastric restrictions and bariatric surgery, such as gastric bypass.
  • Uncontrolled active systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection
  • Prior anthracycline use ≥150 mg/m2

Abbreviations

  • AIHA

    autoimmune hemolytic anemia

  • ALT

    alanine aminotransferase

  • ANC

    absolute neutrophil count

  • AST

    aspartate aminotransferase

  • AV

    acalabrutinib plus venetoclax

  • BCC

    basal cell carcinoma

  • BCL2

    B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein

  • BCL6

    B-cell lymphoma 6

  • BCR

    B-cell receptor

  • BID

    twice daily

  • BLNK

    B-cell linker

  • BM

    Bone marrow

  • BR

    bendamustine/rituximab

  • BTK

    Bruton’s tyrosine kinase

  • BTKi

    BTK inhibitor

  • CD19

    cluster of differentiation 19

  • CD20

    cluster of differentiation 20

  • CD23

    cluster of differentiation 23

  • CD5

    cluster of differentiation 5

  • CIRS

    Cumulative Illness Rating Scale

  • CIRS-G

    Cumulative Illness Rating Score-Geriatric

  • CLL

    chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  • CNS

    central nervous system

  • CR

    complete remission

  • CrCL

    creatinine clearance

  • CYP3A4

    Cytochrome P450 3A4

  • DLBCL

    diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

  • DoR

    duration of response

  • ECOG PS

    Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score

  • EFS

    event-free survival

  • EORTC

    European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer

  • FCR

    fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab

  • GI

    gastrointestinal

  • HBsAg

    HBV surface antigen

  • HBV

    hepatitis B virus

  • HCV

    hepatitis C virus

  • HIV

    human immunodeficiency virus

  • IKK

    I kappa B kinase

  • IPI

    International Prognostic Index

  • IRC

    independent review committee

  • ITP

    idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

  • IV

    intravenous

  • iwCLL

    International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

  • LBCL

    large B-cell lymphoma

  • LDT

    lymphocyte doubling time

  • LYN

    Lck/Yes-related novel protein tyrosine kinase

  • MCL

    mantle cell lymphoma

  • mo

    months

  • MRD

    measurable residual disease

  • MYC

    myelocytomatosis viral oncogene

  • NF-κB

    nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

  • NFAT

    nuclear factor of activated T cells

  • NHL

    non-Hodgkin lymphoma

  • non-GCB DLBCL

    non-germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

  • ORR

    overall or objective response rate

  • OS

    overall survival

  • PB

    Peripheral blood

  • PCR

    polymerase chain reaction

  • PFS

    progression-free survival

  • PKC

    protein kinase C

  • PLC

    phospholipase C

  • PLL

    prolymphocytic leukemia

  • PML

    progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

  • PPI

    proton-pump inhibitor

  • PR

    partial response

  • QLC-CLL-17

    Quality of Life Questionnaire - Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Module-17

  • QLQ-C30

    Quality of life Questionnaire-C30

  • R

    randomization

  • R-CHOP

    rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone

  • R/R

    relapsed/refractory

  • SCC

    squamous cell carcinoma

  • SLL

    small lymphocytic lymphoma

  • SYK

    spleen tyrosine kinase

  • TN

    treatment-naïve

  • TP53

    tumor suppressor protein 53

  • TTNT

    time to next treatment

  • ULN

    upper limit of normal

  • uMRD

    undetectable measurable residual disease

  • V

    venetoclax

  • VO

    venetoclax/obinutuzumab