CTLA-4 inhibition

CompoundTremelimumab

Area under investigation

Advanced solid tumors, HCC, Metastatic urothelial carcinoma, Muscle-invasive bladder cancer, NSCLC, SCLC

Scientific PillarImmuno-Oncology

 

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ARTEMIDE-HCC01 trial overview

Tumor

Locally advanced or metastatic and/or unresectable HCC

Trial Identifier

NCT06921785

Phase

III

Regimen

Tremelimumab IV + rilvegostomig IV + bevacizumab IV; rilvegostomig IV + bevacizumab IV; atezolizumab IV + bevacizumab IV

Study Design

Inclusion criteria

 

The key inclusion criteria are –

  • Age ≥18 years
  • Locally advanced or metastatic and/or uHCC
  • WHO/ECOG PS of 0 or 1
  • BCLC stage B (that is not eligible for locoregional therapy) or stage C
  • Child-Pugh Score class A
  • ≥1 measurable target lesion
  • No co-infection with HBV and HCV 
  • Adequate organ and bone marrow function measured during the screening period
  • Patients must not have received prior systemic therapy for intermediate, advanced, or metastatic HCC
  • Not amenable to curative surgical and/or locoregional therapies. For patients who received locoregional therapy for HCC, locoregional therapy must have been completed ≥28 days prior to the baseline scan for the current study

 

Reference:

Study NCT06921785. ClinicalTrials.gov website. 

 

Exclusion criteria

 

The key exclusion criteria are –

Medical condition

  • Any evidence of uncontrolled intercurrent diseases
  • Active or prior documented autoimmune or inflammatory disorders requiring chronic treatment with steroids or other immunosuppressive treatment
  • History of another primary malignancy
  • Persistent toxicities caused by previous anti-cancer therapy excluding alopecia, not yet improved to Grade ≤1 or baseline.
  • Clinically meaningful ascites, pleural effusion, or pericardial effusion requiring non-pharmacologic intervention to maintain symptomatic control within 6 months prior to the first scheduled dose.
  • History of active primary immunodeficiency or active infection
  • History of hepatic encephalopathy
  • Current or recent (within 10 days of first dose of study treatment) use of aspirin (≥325 mg/day) or treatment with dipyridamole, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and cilostazol
  • Current or recent (within 10 days prior to study treatment start) use of full-dose oral or parenteral anticoagulants or thrombolytic agents for therapeutic purposes

 

Bleeding or other risks

HCC related

  • Known fibrolamellar HCC, sarcomatoid HCC, or mixed cholangiocarcinoma and HCC
  • CNS metastases or spinal cord compression (including asymptomatic and adequately treated disease)
  • Prior treatment with anti-CTLA-4 and/or anti-TIGIT
  • Radiotherapy within 28 days and abdominal/ pelvic radiotherapy within 60 days prior to initiation of study treatment, except palliative radiotherapy to bone lesions within 7 days prior to initiation of study treatment 

 

Target Overview

Cytotoxic T–lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is expressed exclusively on the surface of T cells.1 CTLA-4 serves to inhibit T-cell activation through delivery of inhibitory signals and through ligand competition with the costimulatory receptor, cluster of differentiation 28 (CD28).1,2

Inhibition of CTLA-4 can shift the balance of signaling in the immune system in favor of greater T-cell activation, engendering a greater immune response and potentially resulting in the rejection of tumor by the host’s immune system.2

Compound Overview

Tremelimumab is an anti-CTLA-4 mAb that is being clinically evaluated in combination with durvalumab, a programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, for the potential treatment of cancer.

Mechanism of Action

  • Mechanism of Action
  • Mechanism of Action

Figures adapted from MedImmune Oncology Pipeline: Tremelimumab, targeting CTLA-4. ©2013 MedImmune, LLC. 11326A. AstraZeneca; 264701, May 2013.

References

 

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ARTEMIDE-HCC01 trial overview

Tumor

Locally advanced or metastatic and/or unresectable HCC

Trial Identifier

NCT06921785

Phase

III

Regimen

Tremelimumab IV + rilvegostomig IV + bevacizumab IV; rilvegostomig IV + bevacizumab IV; atezolizumab IV + bevacizumab IV

Study Design

Inclusion criteria

 

The key inclusion criteria are –

  • Age ≥18 years
  • Locally advanced or metastatic and/or uHCC
  • WHO/ECOG PS of 0 or 1
  • BCLC stage B (that is not eligible for locoregional therapy) or stage C
  • Child-Pugh Score class A
  • ≥1 measurable target lesion
  • No co-infection with HBV and HCV 
  • Adequate organ and bone marrow function measured during the screening period
  • Patients must not have received prior systemic therapy for intermediate, advanced, or metastatic HCC
  • Not amenable to curative surgical and/or locoregional therapies. For patients who received locoregional therapy for HCC, locoregional therapy must have been completed ≥28 days prior to the baseline scan for the current study

 

Reference:

Study NCT06921785. ClinicalTrials.gov website. 

 

Exclusion criteria

 

The key exclusion criteria are –

Medical condition

  • Any evidence of uncontrolled intercurrent diseases
  • Active or prior documented autoimmune or inflammatory disorders requiring chronic treatment with steroids or other immunosuppressive treatment
  • History of another primary malignancy
  • Persistent toxicities caused by previous anti-cancer therapy excluding alopecia, not yet improved to Grade ≤1 or baseline.
  • Clinically meaningful ascites, pleural effusion, or pericardial effusion requiring non-pharmacologic intervention to maintain symptomatic control within 6 months prior to the first scheduled dose.
  • History of active primary immunodeficiency or active infection
  • History of hepatic encephalopathy
  • Current or recent (within 10 days of first dose of study treatment) use of aspirin (≥325 mg/day) or treatment with dipyridamole, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and cilostazol
  • Current or recent (within 10 days prior to study treatment start) use of full-dose oral or parenteral anticoagulants or thrombolytic agents for therapeutic purposes

 

Bleeding or other risks

HCC related

  • Known fibrolamellar HCC, sarcomatoid HCC, or mixed cholangiocarcinoma and HCC
  • CNS metastases or spinal cord compression (including asymptomatic and adequately treated disease)
  • Prior treatment with anti-CTLA-4 and/or anti-TIGIT
  • Radiotherapy within 28 days and abdominal/ pelvic radiotherapy within 60 days prior to initiation of study treatment, except palliative radiotherapy to bone lesions within 7 days prior to initiation of study treatment 

 

Abbreviations

  • 1L

    first line

  • 3L

    third line

  • ADA

    anti-drug antibody

  • AE

    adverse event

  • AESI

    adverse event of special interest

  • ALK

    anaplastic lymphoma kinase

  • APF12

    alive and progression free survival at 12 months

  • BCLC

    Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer

  • BICR

    blinded independent central review

  • BOR

    best overall response

  • CD28

    cluster of differentiation 28

  • CD80

    cluster of differentiation 80

  • CD86

    cluster of differentiation 86

  • CNS

    central nervous system

  • CRT

    chemoradiotherapy

  • CT

    chemotherapy

  • cTACE

    conventional transarterial chemoembolization

  • CTLA-4

    cytotoxic T–lymphocyte-associated antigen 4

  • D

    durvalumab

  • DCR

    disease control rate

  • DEB-TACE

    drug-eluting bead-TACE

  • DFS

    disease-free survival

  • DoR

    duration of response

  • DoT

    duration of treatment

  • ECOG PS

    Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score

  • EFS

    event-free survival

  • EGFR

    epidermal growth factor receptor

  • EGFRm

    epidermal growth factor receptor mutation

  • EORTC QLQ-C30

    European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire

  • EP

    carboplatin or cisplatin + etoposide

  • ES-SCLC

    extensive stage small-cell lung cancer

  • EV

    enfortumab vedotin

  • FACT-BL

    functional assessment of cancer therapy-bladder

  • GI

    gastrointestinal

  • HBV

    hepatitis B virus

  • HCC

    hepatocellular carcinoma

  • HCV

    hepatitis C virus

  • HDV

    hepatitis D virus

  • HNSCC

    head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

  • HRQoL

    health-related quality of life

  • imAEs

    immune-mediated adverse events

  • IMP

    investigational medicinal product

  • IV

    intravenous

  • KEAP1

    Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1

  • KRAS

    Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

  • LRT

    locoregional treatment

  • LS-SCLC

    limited-stage small cell lung cancer

  • mAb

    monoclonal antibody

  • MHC

    major histocompatibility complex

  • MIBC

    muscle invasive bladder cancer

  • MOA

    mechanism of action

  • mRECIST

    modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors

  • MRI

    magnetic resonance imaging

  • NSCLC

    non-small cell lung cancer

  • ORR

    overall or objective response rate

  • OS

    overall survival

  • OS-12

    overall survival at 12 months

  • OS-24

    overall survival at 24 months

  • PCI

    prophylactic cranial irradiation

  • pCR

    pathological complete response

  • PD

    progressive disease

  • PD-L1

    programmed cell death ligand-1

  • pDS

    pathologic downstaging

  • PFS

    progression-free survival

  • PFS-12

    progression-free survival at 12 months

  • PFS-18

    progression-free survival at 18 months

  • PFS2

    time to second progression or death

  • PK

    pharmacokinetics

  • PRAEs

    possibly related to treatment adverse events

  • PRO

    patient-reported outcomes

  • PtCh

    platinum-based chemotherapy

  • PVT

    portal vein thrombosis

  • PVTT

    portal vein tumor thrombosis

  • Q*W

    every * weeks

  • Q3W

    every 3 weeks

  • Q4W

    every 4 weeks

  • QD

    once daily

  • R

    randomization

  • RECIST

    Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors

  • RECIST v1.1

    Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1

  • rHu

    ribonucleic acid

  • RNA

    ribonucleic acid

  • SAE

    serious adverse event

  • SC

    subcutaneous

  • SCLC

    small cell lung cancer

  • SoC

    standard of care

  • STK11

    serine/threonine kinase 11

  • STRIDE

    Single Tremelimumab Regular Interval Durvalumab

  • T

    tremelimumab

  • TACE

    transarterial chemoembolization

  • TC

    tumor cell

  • TCC

    transitional cell carcinoma

  • TCR

    T-cell receptor

  • TFST

    time to first subsequent therapy

  • TIGIT

    T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains

  • TMB

    tumor mutation burden

  • TNM

    tumor node metastasis staging

  • TTP

    time to progression

  • UC

    urothelial cancer

  • uHCC

    unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

  • Vp3

    first-order branch of the portal vein

  • Vp4

    main trunk of the portal vein or contralateral first-order branch

  • WHO

    World Health Organization